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The Salmon Arm Grebe Festival functioned under the umbrella of the Salmon Arm Bay Nature Enhancement Society (SABNES) which was formed in 1988 to lead the effort to protect the local marshlands and enhance the nesting areas of Grebes and other species in the area.

In 1994, SABNES commissioned a study to determine the feasibility of staging a festival centred around Grebes to draw attention to the species and Salmon Arm’s unique location in providing habitat for the largest nesting colony of Grebes in Western Canada. In 1995, prominent festival organizer Dick Finkle was commissioned by the Chamber of Commerce to make recommendations about holding a Grebe festival. In 1996, SABNES organized a “Celebration of the Grebe” day and the success of the event resulted in consideration of a multi-day festival moving forward. In October 1996, the Salmon Arm Grebe Festival was officially announced and a committee was formed comprised of SABNES members, local business owners and citizens who were tasked with planning and coordinating a three-day festival in 1997. The first Salmon Arm Grebe Festival was held May 16 – 19, 1997.

The Rossland School Board was the main administrator of Rossland’s schools since the first classes were held in 1895, in the Methodist Church. The School Board kept in contact with the Provincial Education Department, but were ultimately responsible for the schools administration, finances, and hiring decisions. Under their administration, the School Board built and operated Kootenay Avenue School/Rossland Public School (1896-1915), Central School (1898-1917), Cook Avenue School (1901-2002), MacLean School (1918-1981), and the Rossland High School/Rossland Secondary School (1951-2013). Rossland High School operated out of Cook Avenue School after the Rossland Public School closed and until the new high school was built in 1951. The name of the high school changed to the Rossland Secondary School sometime in the early/mid-1960s.

In 1960, the School Board merged with the Trail School District. Rossland’s schools are now under School District 20 (Kootenay-Columbia).

According to the BC 4-H Club website, the Boys and Girls Club came into being in 1914. In the first year, over 200 young people between the ages of 10 and 18 were involved in competitions sponsored by the Department of Agriculture. The first clubs focused on potatoes, but later expanded to poultry in order to attract more young people and widen the influence of progressive farming practices on the BC farming community (see footnote below for source). When a local chapter of the Boys and Girls Club was formed in Salmon Arm is not known, but the Club was first mentioned in the Salmon Arm Observer in 1917.

The Boys and Girls Club was renamed 4-H in 1952. The name stood for the 4-Hs were: Head, Heart, Hands, and Health. The Four objectives of the 4-H are:

1. To train the heads and hands of the boys and girls.
2. To give them broad and big hearts.
3. To improve their health by giving them an interest in outdoor life.
4. To encourage, on the part of all Canadians, a strong and more intelligent interest in agriculture.
   The objectives are accomplished by competing and exhibiting at Fall Fairs.

The motto of the club is “Learn to do by doing.”

Oddly, the first mention of the 4-H Club in the Salmon Arm Observer was in 1951 as members of Armstrong, Kamloops, Salmon Arm and Lumby 4-H Clubs joined together to attend
the PNE in Vancouver.

Over the years there were multiple branches within the Club including Beef, Dairy, Horse, Goat, Honey Bee, and Clothing Clubs. A 4-H District Council served the area from Sicamous, Mara, Grindrod, Deep Creek, Salmon Arm and Sorrento.

Footnote: History of BC 4-H Club https://www.4hbc.ca/contact/history

Kathleen How was born May 9, 1910 at Rouleau, Saskatchewan. She was a teacher at the Alberni Indian Residential School (1935-1937 and 1944-1947); Port Simpson (likely the Crosby Home for Girls, 1937-1940); Bella Bella (1940-1944 and 1965-1970); Kincolith (1948-1954); and Brocket, Alberta (residential school, 1954-1965). She died October 23, 1995 at Vancouver.

Lily Anne Harper (nee Mussallem) was born in October 10, 1922 in Haney, British Columbia, the youngest child of Solomon Mussallem and Annie Mussallem (nee Besytt). Growing up with her five older siblings, Lily became active in Vancouver's theatre scene, acting regularly on stage and on television. Her first career was as a school teacher in Mission during WWII and at David Livingstone Elementary in Vancouver. She continuing on to teach English, Drama, and Music at Queen Elizabeth Elementary and David Thompson Secondary.

Lily was married to Maurice Harper, with whom she had two daughters, Lynette and Janis Harper. Lily and Maurice divorced in 1970, with Lily remaining in Point Grey for the remainder of her life.

Lily Harper died on April 18, 2012.

In 1986 and 1987 there were numerous meetings held by the Jubilee Park and Playing Field committee concerning the proposed upgrade of the Jubilee Park for Rossland Secondary School (now Rossland Summit School). They proposed a slight leveling and raising of the field, a double soccer field, jogging track, tennis court, and basketball court. Cook Pickering & Doyle Ltd. surveyed and presented comments and recommendations on the geotechnical matters affecting improved drainage for the playing fields. Members of the advisory committee included Jean Cormack, Hugo Smecher, Lloyd McLellan, Harry Lefevre, Stan Fisher, Iain Martin, and Jack Richardson. Ultimately, the plans never went ahead, possibly due to lack of funding by the Ministry of Education.

The B.C. Mining School in Rossland was original an open pit program at the Molybdenum mine on Red Mountain which started in June 1971. It was a twelve-week course, and the students were chosen by Canadian manpower. The students were typically from the metropolitan Vancouver area with an average education level of grade eight. Due to its success, an underground program was suggested, with the site of the school moving to the base of Kootenay Columbia Mountain. The first sixteen-week course started in October 1943. The school was to later produce the first open pit, and underground female worker. On fifth August 1981 newly arrived students came to the school to find a padlock on the door. The school was abruptly closed with little warning. The last open pit and underground classes had their graduation take place on third July 1981 and nineteenth June 1981. Multiple letters and resolutions were sent to the Minister of Education (later Minister of Energy Mines, and Petroleum Resources), Brian Smith (1975-1983), and many other ministers and organizations to try and reopen the school. This included a considerable amount of action was taken by Harry Lefevre.

There are multiple different reasons that were given for the student closure of the school, two of which being that (1) according to Smith, that the Canadian Employment & Immigration Commission refused to sponsor any more students after September 1981, and that, (2) according to Gerald Bell of Western Industrial Relations, major mining companies no longer wanted to employ graduates from the school. This, apparently, had nothing to do with the standard of teaching but rather that Canada Manpower had not carried about sufficient screening of potential students, which resulted in an excess of poor-quality students. Harry Lefevre attributed the closure to a breakdown in the financial support agreement between the Ministry of Education and Canadian Manpower.

An interdenominational committee, the Anglican-United Joint Chaplaincy Committee, was formed in 1969, to begin the process of creating a joint chaplaincy at UBC. In 1970, the Anglican United Campus Ministry (AUCM) was created. In 1974, the AUCM joined with the UBC branch of the Student Christian Movement (SCM) to create the Cooperative Christian Campus Ministry at UBC.

The Committee on Church and State in Education was created in 1964 as a part of the new Division of Ministry and Education in BC Conference. In 1972, the Committee on Church and State in Education was dissolved and the Campus Ministries Committee took on its duties.

The first United Church Chaplain, Rev. M.J.V. Shaver, was appointed to the University of British Columbia after its creation by BC Conference in 1959. An interdenominational committee, the Anglican-United Joint Chaplaincy Committee, was formed in 1969, through the BC Conference Committee on Church and State in Education, to begin the process of creating a joint chaplaincy at UBC. In 1970 the Anglican United Campus Ministry (AUCM) was created. In 1974, the AUCM and the UBC Student Christian Movement (SCM) merged to form the Cooperative Christian Campus Ministry (CCCM) at the University of British Columbia. In 1979, the SCM left the CCCM and the United Church and Anglican Church continued to operate campus ministry at UBC through the CCCM. In 1986, the CCCM was dissolved and the partnership between the United Church and Anglican Church at UBC ended. Later that year, after a brief period without a United Church campus chaplain, the United Church Campus Ministry (UCCM) at UBC was formed. In 2021, Campus Ministry at UBC became a part of Pacific Mountain Regional Council through the formation of Campus United.

Heinz Peter Oberlander was a Canadian architect and Canada's first professor of urban and regional planning. He enjoyed four decades of teaching, research and public service in Canada. He became the founding Director of the UBC School of Community and Regional Planning, the founding Director of the Centre for Human Settlements, and a Member of the Order of Canada.
Oberlander, OC, PhD FRAIC LLD (HON), was born in Vienna, Austria on November 29, 1922. He emigrated with his family to Canada in 1940 to escape Nazi-occupied Europe and earned a Bachelor of Architecture degree in 1945 at the School of Architecture at McGill University. Oberlander became the first Canadian to earn a Master of City of Planning degree from Harvard's Graduate School of Design in 1947 and subsequently, in 1957, became the first Canadian to obtain a Doctorate in Regional Planning from Harvard. After graduation from Harvard, Oberlander worked first in England before returning to Canada in July 1948 to work for the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation's Department of Research and Education. There he wrote a brief to the Massey Commission on the need for federal government fellowship support of the arts and sciences. The brief prompted UBC President, Dr. Norman MacKenzie, to ask Oberlander to launch Canada's first professional program in Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), established in 1954.
Oberlander became the founding Director of the UBC School of Community and Regional Planning and subsequently founding Director of the Centre for Human Settlements, devoted to planning research. From 2001 to 2002, he served as chair of the Applied Planning Assistant Program Advisory Committee, which provided advice in setting up the APA Program at Langara College. From 1995 Oberlander served as Adjunct Professor in Political Science at Simon Fraser University. He was concurrently UBC Professor Emeritus in Community and Regional Planning until his death.
Oberlander's commitment to public service work in British Columbia and Canada included being the co-founder of the Lower Mainland Regional Planning Board in 1949. He was also Chair of Vancouver's Town Planning Commission in 1967 until he resigned in opposition to the city's ill-fated freeway plans for Downtown Vancouver. In 1970, Oberlander served at the federal level for three years as the inaugural Secretary (Deputy Minister) of the newly established Federal Ministry of State for Urban Affairs. During his three-year tenure, he created a process of tri-level consultation on urban development among federal/provincial/municipal governments for the planned re-use of redundant federal lands for local community needs. These areas included Vancouver's Granville Island and Toronto's Harbourfront.
Between 1998 and 2008, Oberlander also served as a Federal Citizenship Court Judge. Oberlander's international public service began in 1952 with work on a three-member team assembled by the United Nation's Centre for Housing, Building and Planning in New York. In 1958 he was asked by the UN to assist Ghana in developing a national housing policy. Later in 1976, Oberlander created the UBC Centre for Human Settlements, which served as a depository for audio-visual materials from the 1976 UN Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat I). Between 1980 and 1990, Oberlander served on the Canadian delegations to the UN Commission's annual meetings on Human Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. In 1996 he was appointed Special Assistant to Dr. Wally N'Dow, Secretary-General for the Habitat II conference in Istanbul, Turkey. In the early years of the new millennium, Oberlander became instrumental in securing Vancouver, BC, as the 2006 UN-Habitat World Urban Forum (WUF 3).
In the 1960s, Oberlander worked extensively with Thompson, Berwick and Pratt, an architectural and planning firm in Vancouver. During the 1990s, Oberlander maintained his professional involvement as Associate Partner with Downs/Archambault and Partners (now DA Architects & Planners) in Vancouver.
His many awards included an Honorary Doctorate from UBC in 1998, the President's Lifetime Achievement Award of the Canadian Institute of Planners at its inaugural presentation in 2006, a Civic Merit Award from the City of Vancouver in 2008 and posthumously, the United Nations Scroll of Honour Award on World Habitat Day, October 4, 2009, for his work and dedication in improving global urban living conditions.
Oberlander married architect and fellow Member of the Order of Canada Cornelia Hahn in 1953. The pair collaborated extensively on professional projects throughout their marriage until his death on December 27, 2008.

Barbara Gibson was a faculty member of the University of British Columbia's School of Librarianship (later the School of Library, Archival and Information Studies, now the iSchool). She was also a UBC graduate of the Class of '35 and left in 1936 to pursue a nursing career.

In 1966 and 1967, Woodward Library acquired the Sister Mary Gonzaga letters, which came together with Florence Nightingale letters from Goodspeed Dealers in Boston. These letters were later transferred to Rare Books and Special Collections in 2013. At the time of the acquisition, Gibson became interested in Sister Mary Gonzaga's life, a Canadian nurse born in 1825 who spent most of her life in Britain. During the following years, Gibson compiled research materials from various other sources, mostly from the United Kingdom, to write a Sister Mary Gonzaga biography.

In response to the growing need for professional librarians in Western Canada and with strong support from UBC President Norman MacKenzie and University Librarian Neal Harlow, the School of Librarianship was established at UBC by Samuel Rothstein in 1961. Housed in the upper north wing of the UBC Main Library, the School operated as a professional school within the Faculty of Arts and Science and opened with an enrolment of 30 students and four full-time faculty members. In May 1962, the School graduated its first class of Bachelors of Library Science (BLS). In February 1963, the School's program was accredited by the Committee on Accreditation of the American Library Association (ALA). ALA accreditation allowed the American and Canadian Library Associations to recognize the School as fully meeting the accepted standards for graduate education in library and information science and enabled the School's BLS graduates to seek employment in Canadian and American libraries. In order to incorporate new technologies into the curriculum and prepare students better for their professional careers as information specialists, the School replaced the one-year postgraduate BLS program with a two-year program leading to the degree of Master of Library Science (MLS) in 1971. The School's MLS program was later re-accredited by ALA in 1976, 1985, 1992, and 1998. In 1981, in conjunction with the Department of History, the School offered a two-year program in Archival Studies leading to the degree of Master of Archival Studies (MAS), the first graduate program in archival studies in North America. The first Archival class comprised eight students and one full-time faculty member.
In 1984, the School changed its name from the School of Librarianship to the School of Library, Archival and Information Studies (SLAIS). In 1990, both the MLS and MAS programs were made subject to the academic policies of Faculty of Graduate Studies but the School remained within the administrative jurisdiction of the Faculty of Arts. In 1995, the School graduated the first students with the newly re-named Master of Library and Information Science (MLIS). In 1998, the School initiated a Joint MAS/MLIS program and a First Nations concentration in the MLIS and MAS programs. In 1999, the School offered a multidisciplinary Master of Arts in Children's Literature program (MACL) in conjunction with the Departments of English, Language and Literacy Education and Theatre, Film and Creative Writing. In response to the educational needs of already working professional librarians and archivists, the School also offered a continuing education program leading to the Certificate of Advanced Study (CAS). In September 2003, the School admitted six students to its inaugural Ph.D. program in Library, Archival and Information Studies. In 2020 the School's name was changed again to the School of Information, to reflect the evolution of the information professions and changes within the disciplinary areas of library, archival and information studies.
Since 1961, the Directors of the School include: Samuel Rothstein (1961-1970), Roy Stokes (1970-1981), Basil Stuart-Stubbs (1981-1992), Ken Haycock (1992-2002), Edie Rasmussen (2003-2009), and Caroline Haythornthwaite (2010- ). Additional information about the School is available through their website www.slais.ubc.ca.

Robert Ohs was born and raised in Port Alberni, British Columbia. He graduated from Victoria Normal School before beginning his teaching career at Hillers School. He taught there from 1938 to 1939. In addition to his teaching, Robert Ohs was involved in coaching the school’s soccer teams. He left teaching to pursue a legal career leading to the establishment of a law office in Port Alberni. He was the solicitor to the Port Alberni City Council before being appointed a provincial judge. Robert Ohs died in 1973 in Victoria.

The Department of Physics was one of the original departments within the Faculty of Arts and Science when UBC was established in 1915, and has been in continuous existence since then. It was included in the Faculty of Science when it split from Arts in 1964. The Department was housed with the other science departments at Fairview Campus, and in the Science (now Chemistry) Building at Point Grey, until the Hennings Building was completed in 1947. The Department went through a period of significant expansion during the Second World War related to the research activities carried out by its member for the government, and it remains today one of the University's largest academic departments. Laboratory work has been an integral part of the curriculum of the Department of Physics since its beginning, and the Department has issued manuals for use by students since the 1940's.

Kim Boehr was a student at Okanagan University College in 2000/ 2001. As part of the requirement for the History of British Columbia course Kim wrote an essay on Alice Parke and the Vernon Women's Council. The essay was submitted to the British Columbia Historical Federation student essay competition, and won an award.

Sharon Elaine Kahn was born in Kansas City, Missouri, USA in 1946. She received postsecondary degrees from Washington University, St. Louis (BA English Literature 1968), Boston University (Med Counselling and Guidance 1969), and Arizona State University (PhD Counselling Psychology 1975). In 1975, Kahn accepted a faculty position in the Department of Counselling Psychology at the University of British Columbia, where she earned tenure and was promoted to full professor. Kahn concentrated her research on counselling theory, gender-fair practices, and women’s career issues. Her scholarly activities included two edited books, seven book chapters, more than twenty-five refereed articles, as well as numerous conference presentations and research reports.
In 1989, Kahn became UBC’s first Director of Employment Equity, and in 1994, she was appointed UBC’s first Associate Vice President, Equity, responsible for administering the University’s employment and educational equity programs and for its handling complaints of discrimination and harassment. Under her direction, UBC received two Certificates of Merit from the federal government for special achievement in implementing an employment equity work plan and maintaining a representative workforce. In 1997, Human Resources Development Canada awarded the University its Vision Award for the excellence of its employment equity program. In 2006, Kahn became UBC’s first Academic Leadership Coach, a position that supports the University’s senior leadership. Kahn retired from UBC in 2013.
In 1986, Kahn married Thomas Edgar Blom, a professor of English literature at the University of British Columbia. Professor Blom died in 2003. In 2015, Kahn married Barrie James MacFadden, a retired Vancouver elementary school teacher.

The School of Kinesiology was originally named the Bachelor of Physical Education Program, and in the interim was called the School of Physical Education, the School of Physical Education and Recreation, and then the School of Human Kinetics. The first physical education courses were offered in 1946 after the appointment of Robert Osborne (who directed the program until 1972) in 1945. The Bachelor of Physical Education Program ran until 1952 when the program was formed into the School of Physical Education in the Faculty of Arts and Science. In 1960 “recreation education” was added to the name, though Bachelor of Recreation Education were only conferred starting in 1969. In 1958 a master’s program was added to the School of Physical Education. In 1963 the School moved to the Faculty of Education. When Robert Osborne retired in 1978, he was replaced by Robert Morford. At the same time the school began to align with the greater University’s goals of implementing more academically centred programs. There was a new emphasis on science relating to physical activity, and the School’s laboratories began to develop and grow. In 1979, a Sports Medicine Clinic opened in the School’s John Owen Pavilion on the south campus with specific faculty of this clinic also being associated with the School in both teaching and research. In 1992 the School was renamed the School of Human Kinetics and The Bachelor of Recreation Education was phased out in 1995. In 2011 it was renamed the School of Kinesiology.
The School of Kinesiology’s mission is to “generate, advance, and disseminate knowledge about the biophysical, psychosocial, managerial, and pedagogical dimensions of human movement to enhance the health and quality of life of all populations across diverse settings.” Their specific goals are to advance knowledge about a) the factors underlying human physical performance, (b) the nature of the human quest for excellence in competitive and expressive forms of human movement, and (c) the role of sport, leisure and exercise in society from both a contemporary and a historical perspective; teach students about physical activity in general and about sport, exercise and leisure in particular; to prepare educated professionals to serve the present and future needs of society in a variety of professional settings related to the active health, leisure, sport and physical education fields; and facilitate the application of pertinent knowledge to professional and lay agencies concerned with the promotion of recreation, physical education, sport, fitness and active health at local, provincial and national, and international levels.

Eva-Marie Kröller was born in Germany, and earned her undergraduate degree (Staatsexamen) at the University of Freiburg, and her Ph.D. in comparative literature at the University of Alberta. Following appointments as sessional lecturer, SSHRC postdoctoral fellow, and visiting professor at UBC's Department of English between 1978 and 1983, she joined the Department in 1984 as an assistant professor; she was promoted to associate professor in 1987, and to professor in 1993. She specializes in comparative Canadian and European literature, with an emphasis on travel writing, literary history and cultural semiotics. She was chair of the comparative literature programme at UBC from 1990 to 1995, and served as editor of Canadian Literature from 1995 to 2003, for which she won the 2004 Distinguished Editor Award from the Council of Editors of Learned Journals. Professor Kröller has been appointed an Alexander von Humboldt Fellow (1987-88), a Killam Faculty Research Fellow (2009), and Visiting Professor at the John F. Kennedy Institute, Free University of Berlin (1992), and at the Nordamerikaprogramm, University of Bonn (2001). She was elected to the Royal Society of Canada in 2007. She has also won several UBC awards: the Killam Research Prize (1995), the Killam Teaching Prize (1999), and the Dean of Arts Award (2002).

Seymour Levitan was born in Philadelphia in 1936. He was drafted into the U.S. Army in 1961 but missed the Vietnam war. He received his B.A. and M.A. in English Literature from the University of Pennsylvania, and went on to join the Department of English at UBC, where he taught from 1966 to 1972. In addition to his work teaching English, Levitan also became well-known as a translator and editor of Yiddish poems and stories. Paper Roses, his selection and translation of Rachel Korn’s poetry, was the 1988 winner of the Robert Payne Award of the Translation Center at Columbia University. He also helped organize the Jewish Film Festival and the Chelm Film Series.

Dr. Lawrence E. Lowe (March 29, 1933 – June 17, 2016) was a faculty member in the Department of Soil Science in the UBC Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (now Land and Food Systems). Born in Toronto and educated in England, Lowe attended Oxford University (B.A. 1954, M.A. 1958). He went on to graduate work at Macdonald College, McGill University (M.Sc. 1960, Ph.D. 1963). He joined UBC as an assistant professor in 1966, after a period of soil survey and soil research work in Alberta. A specialist in the field of soil chemistry, Lowe’s research focused on soil organic matter. He was promoted to associate professor in 1970, and professor in 1975. As Associate Dean of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences from 1985 to 1991 Lowe held responsibilities for student counselling, admissions, records, and curriculum matters, as well as continuing to teach. He retired as professor emeritus in 1994.

John MacKenzie Norris (1925-2010) was born on March 3, 1925 in Kelowna, B.C. to Jean Mary Norris (née) Denovan and Thomas Grantham Norris. At the time of his birth, his father, T.G. Norris, was practicing as a lawyer in Kelowna and subsequently served as a judge on both the British Columbia Supreme Court and the British Columbia Court of Appeal. John Norris had an older sister and a younger brother, attended elementary schools in Kelowna and Vancouver, and graduated from Lord Byng Secondary School in Vancouver. He enlisted with the Royal Navy in 1943 and, after returning, attended UBC from 1946-1949 where he obtained both a Bachelor of Arts Degree (1948) and a Master of Arts Degree (1949). At UBC he met Barbara Violet Casey whom he married in 1947. They had one son, Thomas Norris. John Norris pursued additional graduate work at Northwestern University, obtaining his Ph.D. in 1955, and post-graduate studies at the London School of Economics.
In 1953, John Norris began teaching as an instructor within the Department of History at the University of British Columbia and in 1964 became a Professor of the Department of History. He published five books and numerous articles in the areas of administrative, economic and demographic history. During the 1970s, he began to change his academic focus towards the history of medicine and over the next few decades he specialized in the study of the history of various diseases, including plague, cholera, and scurvy.
In 1980, John Norris was appointed Professor and Director of the Division of the History of Medicine and Science at UBC. He continued to serve in this role until his retirement early in 1990 when he was extended the title of Professor Emeritus in the History of Medicine. He continued to teach on a part-time basis until at least 2004.
Norris served on many boards and committees, including acting as the Chair of the Osler Medal Committee of the American Association for the History of Medicine (1978-1979); as Chair of the Programme Committee of the Canadian Society for the History of Medicine (1983); and as the Chair of the Grants Committee of the Hannah Institute for the History of Medicine (1980). At UBC, he served in such capacities as Chairman, University Curriculum Committee, UBC (1968-1974); as a Member of the University Senate (1964-1974); and as Chairman of the University Grievance Committee (1968-1969). He held an American Council of Learned Societies Graduate Fellowship, 1951-3, a Nuffield Commonwealth Fellowship, 1961-1962, a Canada Council Senior Fellowship, 1967-1968; and a Killam Senior Research Scholarship, from 1975-1976.
John Norris was an active member in politics, first in the C.C.F., and subsequently of the N.D.P. In 1963, he unsuccessfully ran to be N.D.P. representative for Vancouver Centre during the British Columbia Provincial election.
John Norris died on May 2, 2010. At the time of his death, he was working on a history of cholera.

Dr. Richard Mattessich was born in 1922 in Trieste, Italy, and grew up and went to school in Vienna, Austria. He obtained his degree in mechanical engineering in 1940, and his MBA in 1944 and a doctorate in economics in 1945 from the Vienna School of Economics and Business Administration. He was a research fellow of the Austrian Institute of Economic Research, and an instructor at the Rosenberg Institute of St. Gallen, Switzerland. In 1952 he moved to Canada, and was appointed Head of the Department of Commerce at Mount Allison University (1953-59). From 1959 to 1967 he was Associate Professor of Accounting at the University of California, Berkeley. Beginning in 1967 he was Professor of Accounting at the University of British Columbia, holding the distinguished Arthur Andersen & Co. Chair. He retired in 1987, and the following year was named emeritus professor. He has also held visiting professorships in Berlin, Christchurch (New Zealand), Graz (Austria), Hong Kong, Parma (Italy), St. Gallen, and Tokyo.
Perhaps best-known for introducing the concept of electronic spreadsheets into the field of business accounting, Mattessich has also pioneered the use of analytical and philosophical methods in accounting research. He has numerous publications to his credit, both books and articles, some of which have been translated into French, German, Japanese, and Spanish. His best-known books are Accounting and Analytical Methods (1964); Simulation of the Firm Through a Budget Computer Program (1964), which introduced the concept of computerized spreadsheets; Instrumental Reasoning and Systems Methodology – An epistemology of the applied and social sciences (1978); Two Hundred Years of Accounting Research (2009); and Reality and Accounting – Ontological explorations in the economic and social sciences (2013). He also edited two anthologies: Modern Accounting Research: History, Survey, and Guide (1984), and Accounting Research in the 1980s and its Future Relevance (1991).
Mattessich has been awarded honorary degrees from Complutense University of Madrid (1998), the University of Malaga, Spain (2006), Montesquieu University in Bordeaux, France (2006), and the University of Graz, Austria (2007). He is also an honorary life member of the Academy of Accounting Historians, and has received a number of other honorary appointments and honours. He has served on the governing boards of the School of Chartered Accountancy of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of British Columbia and the CGA-Canada Research Foundation, and has been on the editorial boards of several professional journals.

Tappen Valley School
When Charles Henry (Charlie) Brooke donated the land for Tappen Valley School he also ensured his children’s education. He had recently moved to Cardinal Ranch in Tappen October 31, 1914. His diaries document a list of activities. He started getting to know the community by personally circulating a petition for a school and, after a Mr. McArthur rescinded his offer of a site for the school, Brooke donated an acre of land himself. It was located on the Tappen Valley Road.

It is believed that, until the Tappen Valley School opened, Brooke took his children to the Tappen School on Bolton Road. On December 15, 1914 Brooke calculated an estimate for the cost of building a new school. A meeting was called and initially, one of the parents, a Mr. Fox, opted out of the project, wanting to send his children to Kault (Kualt) school.

An election of school trustees was held December 28, 1914. Three candidates are recorded in C.H. Brooke’s diaries. Fowler received 15 votes, Brooke 17 and Sweeten 12. It was agreed that all present were entitled to vote, including the women. When it was decided to include the votes of the women present, the meeting had to be quickly adjourned until Brooke could consult the Act. It appeared that women had the right to vote for School Trustees.

Local residents built the one–room school from hand–hewn logs and it was completed in 1915. Neighbours who helped build the school were listed in Charlie Brooke’s diaries: Moseley, Lee, T. Sweeten, G. Sweeten, Fowler, McDonald, S. Elliott, Blair, Gardiner, W. Rogers, C. Laingslow, Woolett, Eggleshaw, and Charlie Brooke.

Acting for the Trustees, Brooke negotiated with and hired Mrs. Eveleen Parker. In an exchange of telegraphs Mrs. Parker responded that she would come January 3rd.

The early teachers were:
• Mrs. Eveleen B. Parker from Revelstoke (~January to June 1915)
• Miss Stirling (August 1915 – December 1916)
• Miss Preston (January 1917 – December 1917). Miss Preston boarded with the Brooke family. Miss Preston may have taught at the Tappen Valley School until June 1918 but there is no surviving register for this year. She asked for a recommendation February 5, 1918.
• Miss E.A. Coles, September 1918 to 1921 (only a partial record has survived for 1921).

When, some years later, the Carlin School Parent Teachers’ Association compiled a cookbook as a fundraiser, Norma Surtees supplied information about the years she taught at the Tappen Valley School (1933–1935). She wrote that it was the teacher’s job to keep the school clean, light the fire, and carry water. The students under her charge were very co–operative and helpful. Older students would arrive at the school before her to get the fire going, and all the students did their share in keeping the school clean. Douglas Miller, a neighbour across the road, used to bring a bucket of water daily for the school children.

According to Allan Wilson, the school served the community of students until 1951, when Carlin Elementary School opened.

After the school was decommissioned the land it sat on was eventually purchased by the owners of a fuse plant in 1969. The old school log building was not required by the new owner, so arrangements were made for Keven Julian (Julian) Codd to move it across the road to his property, formerly Douglas Miller’s farm. The building was used for storage until it was accidently burned in a grass fire in 2010.

Carlin Siding School
The first location for Carlin Siding School was in a log building on land owned by (Thomas Alfred) Saintabin on Tappen–Notch Hill Road, east of the railway crossing where the trestle came across.

When the new school was opened in 1908, Josephine Bledsoe (nee Saintabin) was five. She was sent to school because there were not enough students to open the school. She remembers her first teacher was Miss Greenwood, followed by Carrie Peterson, May Johnson and then Miss Langlow (sic Langslow).

Miss Hilda Hutton was the next teacher, but resigned in December. The School Trustees hired a new teacher, Miss May Cecelia Rath and she and the students moved into a new building on Robert Gardiner’s farm. The old school remained on site and was used by Saintabin for storage.

The new school was also log and is well photographed. Moving the school operation closer to White Lake allowed the Finish children from that area to attend as well. It was only a four mile walk! By September 1913 attendance had jumped to 24 students from 17 in the previous year.

There are conflicting reports of when this move happened, but according to the Observer it was nearing completion in December 1912. In the 1913 register the teacher notes the attendance record on January 7th because the “School was not finished” the previous day. Three students transferred to Balmoral School – Dolf, Louise and Frank Oulette (Ouillette)– resulting in only a net increase of 6 new students. New students were Ernest and Minnie Maki, Vilju (Viljo) Mikkelson, Victor Robinson, Annie and Aile Harju.

The second location was below the present day Carlin Elementary Middle School, on the same side of the highway.

At some point the Gardiner property changed ownership and came into the hands of Joseph Rabie. When Rabie died in 1936, the property was divided amongst family members. Work on the highway further divided the Rabie property.

According to Allan Wilson, the log building served the community of students until 1951 when Carlin Elementary School was opened.
The Carlin Siding School was moved to Three Valley Gap, west of Revelstoke, in 1965.

Lee Creek School
Historically school children in Lee Creek had to leave the community for their education according to the North Shuswap Historical Society publication Shuswap Chronicles. They boarded nearby in Blind Bay and Sorrento for instruction but by 1918 there were enough school–aged children to form a school. Residents of Lee Creek lobbied the Department of Education and in May 1919 the School Inspector visited Lee Creek. He recommended that the catchment area for students be extended from the Adams River to Scotch Creek Indian Reserve to help the area qualify for a subsidy. $150 was granted to help with building expenses and Oliver Freeman, a bachelor, donated an acre of land by the lake for a site.

At a meeting of ratepayers on July 12, 1919 school trustees Mrs. Alex McKay, Bill Dempster, Ray Corning, and Bill McKay were elected.

A five hundred square foot school was built with lumber donated by Freeman. Carpenter Alex McKay designed and supervised the project with help from Ray Corning, Bill McKay, and James Lockerby. Emil De Portier and James Freeman helped cut a road to improve access to the site.

The school was opened in September and Winnifred Smythe of Revelstoke was hired to teach 12 students. The school also served as a community hall for political meetings, dances, parties, and church services.

The school closed for lack of students in 1928 when Barbara Wood and others moved to Kamloops for high school education. It opened again in 1934 for three years and Mrs. Spears was hired to teach. It was closed again until 1950, when it opened until 1954. Eventually school buses were used to take students to Celista and beyond for school.

According to author Jim Cooperman, the building became a garage for a time and fell into disrepair. It was torn down in the 1990s.

Pacific Educational Press (PEP) is the publishing house of the Faculty of Education at the University of British Columbia. PEP publishes educational books and media resources, including textbooks and supplementary resources for schools, scholarly books for education specialists, textbooks for teacher education programs, and professional resources for practicing teachers. The Press was founded in 1971 as the Vancouver Environment Education Group (VEEP). In its early years VEEP focused on providing resources for elementary school teachers, focussing primarily on environmental education. In 1974 it changed its name to Western Education Development Group – abbreviated to WEDG, and later, WEDGE, only retaining its full name in the copyright information of its books. WEDGE expanded the range of subjects of its publications, and a number of series were produced in conjunction with other organizations during this period. The final name change to Pacific Educational Press occurred in 1987. PEP began producing textbooks for both the K-12 market and for teacher education courses. In addition, the Press has published a number of supplemental resources for teachers, and also several children’s fiction books with accompanying teacher guides.
The original director of the Press was Kip Anastasiou, who often served as the editor or even co-author of the books. The second director, Catherine Edwards, began circa 1990. She also served as an editor of the books produced by PEP. Edwards retired in 2014 and the Press is now under the direction of Susan Howell. The Press has remained small throughout its history, as of 2014 employing only about 10 full-time employees.